Practical Photography

In the 1850s a Scottish scientist called Sir David Brewster, was probably one of the first to produce pinhole photographs. He also was the first person to describe the camera technique as”pinhole”, or “pin-hole” with a hyphen, the first reference to this in writing was his book The Stereoscope, published in 1856.

Since then the term has coined many adjectives but is the pin hole camera and pin hole photography that has stuck

William de Wiveleslie Abney, Sir William Crookes and John Spiller from England, were other well known early photographers who used the pinhole photography technique. Flinders Petrie an English archeologist was arguably the first to produce a pinhole photograph during his excavations in Egypt in the 1880s. His camera had a very simple lens in front of the pinhole which he used to produce the image on film.

By the late 1880s some pictorialists would experiment with pinhole photography George Davison won the first award at the Annual Exhibition of the Photographic Society of London for a pinhole photograph An Old Farmstead (re named The Onion Field) .

In the 1890s Pinhole photography became much more popular and commercial pinhole cameras were widely sold throughout Europe, Japan and in the United States. In 1892 4000 pinhole cameras were sold in London alone. Although very few have been preserved today for exhibitions and camera collections. An American company invented the first disposable pinhole camera, this was labelled and advertised as the “Ready Photographer”, it had a dry glass plate, a pinhole in tinfoil and a folding bellows. A rival american company then released “the Glen Pinhole Camera”, which used six dry plates, a print frame, chemicals, trays, and ruby paper for a safelight. The first commercial pinhole camera was of French origin designed by Dehors and Deslandres in 1887. These cameras used a rotating disc with six pinholes in it, three pairs of similar sizes.

As technology moved forward and mass production of cameras took off in the 20th century the market closed for the pin hole camera. By the 1930s the technique was hardly used except in teaching. Frederick Brehm, was the first college professor to show the educational importance of the pinhole technique. It was Brehm who designed the first Kodak Pinhole Camera around 1940.

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